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Port Of Kolkata
Kolkata port has the pride to be the one of the most busiest and important ports of India. This port is being operated in the country since very beginning of the water transportation. BEI constructed this port.Two separate parts of this port are currently being operated. First, one is called Kolkata Docs and another one is called Haldia Docs.This portion has the deeper stability of water and suits the harboring the ships.During the period of 19th century, Kolkata port was the major port of BI.However, as soon as India got independence, the importance of this port started to reduce.The main reason of this reduction in fame was partition of Bengal. Later, the surrounding area of the port alsominimized, as there were steep, economic changes being observed in eastern portion of India. Later, in 21st century, the economical graph of East India rose substantially high and due to this reason, Kolkata port developed in very fast speed.Shortly, this port stood at 3rd place among the largest cargo port of the country.During the year 2004-2005, this port was reported the fastest developing port of India.
History
Mughal emperor Aurangzeb transferred the trading rights to East India Company as he believed that healthy commercial relationship could make a country developed in all manners. Just after getting the power of attorney, British set up a commission to maintain the ports of India. The Kolkata port was commerce oriented but the same has also served a lot during Second World War. However, this port faced two bomb attacks by the Japanese. After the freedom of the country, the port commission was existing until the year 1975. Before this time, Major Port Trust Act of the year 1963 has come into force.
Location
Geographical coordinates of this port are 22032’53" North and Longitude 88o18’5"East.
Dock System
Two different portions of Kolkata Port are being managed by the Kolkata Port Trust. First one is Kolkata Dock System and another is Haldia Doc Complex.
Kolkata Dock System (KDS)
First Portion
Kolkata Dock System
This part of the Kolkata Port is located at the right flank of River Hoogly. The geographical coordinates of this port are 22° 32' 53" N, 88° 18' 5" E and it is away approximately 203 kilometers from the Bay of Bangal. Main haulage stations are Gasper and Saugor Roads, which are 58 kilometers away from the sea. In this system, the following porting places are contributing.
- KidderporeDocks : This dock has 18 Berths to stay the ships. There are 6 Buoys and 3 Dry docks where harboring takes place.
- NetajiSubhasDocks : This doc has 10 berths, 2 Buoys and 2 Dry docks for support.
- Budge River Jetty : At this place, there are 6 landing stage from where Petroleum can be embarked/de-embarked.
- Anchorages : The stoppage for ships. This facility is available at Saugor Road and Sanheads.
There are approximately 80 more jetties based in river Hoogly, which provide support to Kolkata Port.
Haldia dock complex (HDC)
The geographical coordinates of this dock system are 22°02' N, 88°06 E. This dock is situated 60 kilometers far from the main station. The following support system/facilities are associated with this dock system :-
- There is supporting dock system having 12 Berths.
- In the river Hooglie, there are 3 jetties specifically designed for petroleum embarkation.
- There are 3 Large jetties for this purpose.
- There is also an anchorage for the large boats tied with a lash.
All the docks have been designed with the view of take away of ships.
Pilotage
Owing to some restrictions with the river Hoogly, any ship beyond 200 GRT is not allowed to Kolkata Port without a qualified pilot. This rule has adopted just to avoid any mis-happening, as the natural limit of sandbars is very restricted at this Port. The overall pilotage are is spread in 221 kilometers. Out of this total area, 148 kilometer is based in the river and remaining 48 kilometers is in the sea. The same for Haldia Doc system is limited upto 121 kilometers (46 Kilometers in Hogglie River and 75 Kilometers in Bay of Bengal).
The main piloting system for large boats is located at Saugor Roads. At the Middleton Point, river pilot get embark in the large ships. The river pilot has a responsibility to carry the vasselupto main harboring station. Where a separate Harbor pilot relieves the River Pilot and takes the boat inside the main harbor whether KDS or to HDC. An Asst. Dock Master supervises all the activities of harboring the ship. Hereafter , a Dock Pilot board the vassel and takes the same to the exact place of moving/embarkation. This is the Dock Pilot under whose guidance the vassel moves through D.E.S.B. or D.L.S.B. as the path is only 80-ft wide. Expert leading can only make success at this point.
Facilities
Container Terminal Facilities
To make more effectiveness and smooth functioning of containers providing, Kolkata Port has developed a strategy of container providing with a modern system of approach. There is a container terminal located at this point which provides the dock cranes, also the railed cranes to facilitate the loading/unloading. Fork Lift Tractors/long trailers are also there to facilitate the container shipping. During the year 1977, this facility was started at Haldia Dock Complex.
Handling Heavy Lifts
There is HHL services available at Kolkata Port. A large yard crane, capable of 15 Tonnes is available at this port. The highest capacity of any crane which is specifically designed for dock operations is available here and one and only cranes of its class in India. Another crane namely, Bull Nose is also available at this port. A total of 20 cranes are available here to facilitate the harboring activities. 6 cranes of crawl mounted (having 20 Tonne capacity each) are also available here. There are also floating cranes available to load/unload the goods directly into/from the ship(s).
Mobile Cargo Handling Equipment
F.L.T
F.L.Ts are also available at the port. These truck facilitate the loading/unloading the goods quickly and save the timings in commerce. The large range of FLTs available here also includes Low – Mast forklifts which are capable enough to move inside the container. Out of 52 FLTs here, 21 FLTs are having capacity of 3 Tonne while remaining 32 are of 2 Tonne capacity.
Mobile Cranes
At this port, two mobile cranes with a capacity of 3.5 Tonnes are available. 15 cranes having 6 Tonne capacity, 12 cranes of 10 Tonne capacity, 3 cranes are of 13 Tonne capacity, 2 cranes of 15 Tonne capacity.Besides these, there are also 6 cranes of 30 Tonnes. These 6 cranes are crawler cranes. These cranes basically used to transport large gurders, basic structures s, heavy pipes, containers, large logs etc.These cranes are also used in wagonloading/unloading. If needed, these facilities are also available on specific written permission from the dock authority for hiring according to the rules in force.
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