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National Parties Communist Party Of India
Founded | 26-Dec-25 |
Newspaper | New Age (English), |
Mukti Sangharsh (Hindi), | |
Kalantar (Bengali), | |
Janayugam daily (Malayalam) | |
Headquarters | New Delhi, India |
Ideology | Communism |
International affiliation | International Conference of Communist and Workers' Parties. |
Official colours | Red |
Alliance | Left Front |
Election Symbol
Introduction
The Communist Party of India (CPI) is an Indian Political party, with left wing ideologies. Indian Communist movement has varying opinions as to the exact origins of the party, although the foundation date has been maintained by the party as 26th December, 1925. But it is a claim from the Communist Party of India (Marxist) that the CPI has 1920 as its foundation year.
History
It was in October 17th, 1920 that the Communist Party of India came into force in Tashkent, immediately after the International Congress of communist was held. The members who were present during the founding of the party were Evelina Trench Roy, wife of M N Roy, he himself, Abani Mukherji, his wife Rosa Fitingof, Mohammad Ali Ahmed Hasan, MPBT Acharya and Mohammad Shafiq Siddiqui.
It became the purpose of CPI to initiate a party structure in the country. For this purpose, Roy came into touch with Jugantar and Anushilan groups in the state of Bengal. Petty groups of communist supporters were created in the state of Bengal under Muzaffar Ahmed, in madras under Singaravelu Chettiar, in Bombay by S A Dange, in Punjab y Ghulam Hussain, in United Provinces by Shaukat Usmani, although Usmani only went on to become a member of CPI party.
There was bad organization in the party from the 20s till the early 30s, with plenty of small groups working, without sufficient coordination at the national level. Because of the ban on communist working, building a party unified under a leadership was quite difficult. There were invoked four different trials, against the movement by communist leaders. The first case of Peshawar conspiracy, second conspiracy case again in peshwar, cownpore Bolshevik Conspiracy Case and Moscow Conspiracy Case, were conducted, of which the first three involved trials against communists who were considered to be mujahirs trained by Russia. There was much impact on politics in India with the Cownpore trial. M N Roy, Muzaffar Ahmed, S A Dange, Shaukat Usmani, Nalini Gupta, Ghulam Hussain, Singaravelu Chettiar and also R C Sharma, in 1924, 17th March were implicated in the case of Cawnpore Conspiracy. The charge was specified that these communists were aiming to dethrone the british emperor of the sovereignity of Indian empire, and were ensuring a revolution to separate India from the rule. Throughout the country, every newspaper had reports and plans published, about communist workers and it was the time when people were exposed to the meaning of communism and its objectives and thereby the aims of the International communist society and its role in India.
CPI is among the National parties in India, as election commission recognition. This is the only party in India, which has stuck with the same party symbol for elections, everytime it has contested in the country.
At the national front, the party went into supporting the Indian National Congress, but from outside. In coalition with some communist and leftist parties in the country, it has formed the Left Front. In 2004, when the United Progressive Alliance gained power, it gave out a Common Minimum Programme for action plan. This is the point on which the left front has shown support to the UPA government. The provisions in the CMP were to detest from disinvestment, outlaying of large social sectors and a foreign policy to be held in independent view.
Prakash Karat in 2008 on July 2008, made announcement that the parties in left Front will be withdrawing their support for the government, because of their opposition to the Peaceful Atomic Energy Cooperation Act of India\-United States. The Left Front had the staunch idea that this act was not in the national interest.
The CPI had participation in the state of West Bengal in the Left Front. It also has participation in Manipur government. It is forming a part in the Left Democratic Front in kerala. The governing Left front in Tripura has CPI participation with a minister also. The Progressive Democratic Alliance in Tamil Nadu has the party partnering. In Maharashtra, it is part of Left Democratic front.
S. Sudhakar Reddy is the present General Secretary of the party.
Organization
The principal mass organizations of the CPI are:
- All India Trade Union Congress
- All India Youth Federation
- All India Students Federation
- National Federation of Indian Women
- All India Kisan Sabha (peasants organization)
- Bharatiya Khet Mazdoor Union (agricultural workers)
- All India State Government Employees Federation (State government employees)
Famous Ministers of the Party
Indrajit Gupta
Indrajit Gupta lived from 1919, 16th March to 2001, 20th February, and was a great leader of communist ideas. He was the Home Affairs minister in India in the government of United Front from 1996 to 1998. This move was a drastic development because it was the Home Affairs Ministry, which had the party banned three times since 1947 Indian independence, during which time, many members of the party had been sent to prison, including Gupta or had been for long stretches, forced to stay underground.
Jagannath Sarkar
Jagannath Sarkar, living from 25th September, 1919 to 8th April 2011, was a great leader of communist party as well as a social writer and freedom fighter.
Chaturanan Mishra
Chaturanan Mishra was a famous politician of India and lived from 7th April 1925 till 2nd July 2011. He was a famous union trade leader. Mishra was born in the Madhubani District in Nahar and was a prominent leader in Bihar in the Communist Party of India, with the portfolio of Agriculture in the government of United Front.
Suravaram Sudhakar Reddy
Suravaram Sudhakar Reddy is CPI general secretary. In the 12th as well as the 14th Lok Sabha of India, he was a member, representing the constituency of Nalgonda in Andhra Pradesh and is an active member of CPI.
In the year 2012, on 31st March, he was elected into the post of General Secretary of Communist Party of India, during the party congress held for 21st time. Previously, he was the chairman of Parliamentary Standing Committee on Labour, when he was still parliamentary member.
He was born in 1942 on 25th March, in Hyderabad, did his schooling from Cole’s Memorial High School and Municipal High School in Kurnool. He completed his BA in economics, history as well as politics at Osmania College and from Osmania University College of law he completed his law degree.
D. Raja
D. Raja is a Rajya Sabha member and politician belonging to Tamil Nadu, having come from the Communist Party of India and since 1994, has been the national secretary of the party.