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West Bengal Bengali Language
Origin
Bengali language is considered as an eastern Indo Aryan language. This idiom is spoken largely in eastern South Asia which is commonly known as West Bengal. There are approximately 230 million total speakers in West Bengal. Moreover this language is ranked as 6th most populous and spoken language in world. Furthermore the national anthem of India and even the national anthem of Bangladesh are narrated in Bengali language. This language started in 1000 to 1200 AD. It even contains eastern Middle Indo Aryan dialects such as Pali and Magadhi Prakrit. These dialects were group of Sanskrit and Vedic but not closely related to them. Many literature of Bengali language has adopted some words and pronunciation from Sanskrit language. In 19th century modern literary Bengali language came into existence. At that time its dialect was orated in Nadia region. Recently the literary and dialects of Bengali includes the primary language and is spoken in Bangladesh. It is also considered as the second most spoken language in India. In addition Bengali Renaissance has rich literary literature and also binds together cultural diverse of the region.
History
This Bengali language started in Middle Indo Aryan dialects and is regarded as the earliest recorded spoken language. The evolution of Ardhamagadhi came into existence which further turned and form three groups which are Bihari Language, Assamese Bengali language and Oriya Language. This Bengali language constitutes three groups which are Old Bengali, Middle Bengali and New Bengali. All these groups include its own grammar, influence and scripts as well. Initially Bengali language has Sanskrit Influence and it contains many Sanskrit and Pali vocabularies. In 18th century there was as such no document to attempt the grammar of Bengali language. The first written Bengali document was written by a Portuguese. Afterwards modern Bengali came into existence and it was officially printed. Many changes occurred in writing down Bengali language officially. This language is spoken massively by East Bengal’s population and it is also considered as the sole national language of Pakistan Dominion.
Geographic Distribution
Bengali is regarded as a South Asian language which includes Bangladesh, Bengal and some parts of Tripura and Assam. This language is also spoken broadly in union region of Andaman and Nicobar islands. This language even includes some important communities which are Europe, Middle East, North America, South East Asia and Pakistan.
Official Status
Bengali is the official and national idiom of Bangladesh. It is also considered as 23rd official language which is identified by Republic of India. This official language of Tripura and West Bengal is also considered as the union territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Moreover it is the co official idiom of Assam and second official language of Jharkhand. It is even recognised as the secondary language in Karachi city of Pakistan. In the year of 2009, some representatives who were elected in West Bengal and Bangladesh called and made Bengali Language as the official language of the United Nations.
Dialects
Bengali language constitutes a dialect continuum. These dialects include four large clusters and many alternative schemes are also proposed. The basis of standard Bengali forms its basis from south western dialect whereas Bangal is the dominant dialect group in Bangladesh. Rajbangsi, Mal Paharia and Kharia Thar all these are closely involved with Western Bengali dialects. Hajong is regarded as a separate language and it even shares some similarities of dialects of Northern Bengali. The Western Central dialect of Nadia is also based on Bangladesh and West Bengal. Also there are speakers of West Bengal which uses different word forms of Bengali spoken in Bangladesh.
Phonology
Bengali Language includes 13 vowels and 28 consonants along with 6 nasalized vowels. Moreover this language is known for huge range of vowels and diphthongs with Syllable.
Writing System
Bengali script includes all grammar, consonants and vowels. This script was used throughout Bangladesh and eastern India as well. Moreover it is believed to origin from a changed Brahmic script around in 1000 CE. Furthermore it is similar to Devanagri script which was used in many modern Indic languages and Sanskrit as well. In addition this Bengali language script has very close historical relations with Assamese writings and it even contains some kind of similarity with Oriya script. Bengali script is considered as abugida and also cursive. It inhabits eleven signs which denotes two diphthongs and none vowels.
Grammar
In Bengali language the nouns are not assigned together therefore it leads to few changes in adjectives as well. Moreover the nouns and pronouns in this idiom are massively declined into four cases whereas the verbs are massively conjugated. Furthermore the verbs in Bengali language do not alter if they depend on gender of nouns. In addition the pronouns and nouns are inflected for nominative, genitive, locative and objective cases. Also the verbs in this language are divided into two idioms which are non finite and finite. Additionally the morphology of Bengali language varies from districts to districts. It also differs from most Indo Aryan languages and contains a little change of grammar in syntax.
Vocabulary
This Bengali language has separate around 100,000 words in which 50,000 are regarded as totshomo and 21000 as todbhobo and the rest as deshi and bideshi words. Moreover this language has some borrowings from other foreign languages.