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Goa Marathi Language
Origin
Marathi people speak Marathi language which is a southern Indo Aryan Language. It is considered as the official language of Goa and Maharashtra. It is also the 23rd official language in India and 19nth most spoken language in the world. In 2001 there were approximately 72 million speakers of Marathi language. Moreover it consists of some oldest literature of Indic languages and modern Indo European languages.
Geographic Distribution
Marathi language is mostly spoken in Maharashtra and also in few neighbouring regions like Goa, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh. It is also spoken widely in some union territories like Daman and dui. The cities like Surat, Baroda and Indore and Gwalior also inhable scarce Marathi speaking people.
Official Status
Marathi is the official language of Maharashtra and co official language in union territories of Daman and diu. This language is also used in some official purposes. Many universities take Marathi as its most important language and therefore they have kept this language as compulsory subject in their institutions.
History
Marathi language was originally derived from Sanskrit language. It includes Maharashtri Prakrit. This was the official language earlier and was given a high literary level. Moreover it was widely used in southern and western India. This language last for several hundred years and formed a significant link in the evolution of Marathi. As per the written forms and historical evidences, Marathi language was said to date to 8th century. In 1012 CE, Marathi language has its first written attestation. From 12 century to 1905, Marathi language grew and gives rise to Yadav dynasty. It also became an important court language and contains many books, novels and poems on it. Later on within many centuries and years the concept and language Marathi grasped many alterations into it and finally became an official language of the region.
Dialects
The academic and even the print media use the standard form of Marathi dialects. 42 dialects are recognised by the Indian scholars of Marathi language. The major dialect division are Ahirani, Varhadi, Vadvali, Zadi boli and Samavedi. Other major dialects include are Nagri, Dangi, Deshi or Satari. All district of Maharashtra have different dialects of Marathi language. Moreover the major dialect of Marathi language is Warhadi Marathi and Standard Marathi.
Sounds
The sound in Marathi language is same as to the sound in Indo Aryan Language especially that of Konkani language.Moreover in Marathi language there are two vowels which denote the pronunciations. Furthermore it inhabits some Sanskrit word and pattern of pronunciations.
Writing System
In 11th century written Marathi language was first prepared in form of inscriptions, stones and copper plates. Moreover the Marathi devanagri alphabet is similar to Hindi devanagri alphabet. From 13nth to mid 20th century, Marathi was written in Modi script. Later in 1950, Marathi language finally written in Devanagri script which contains 36 consonants and 16 initial vowel letters. Also the Marathi devnagri alphabet is called Balbodh.
Marathi Organisations
Marathi Kavita
Marathi Vishwakosh – Marathi encyclopaedia project
Shodh Marathicha
Mumbai Marathi Sahitya Sangh
Marathwada Sahitya Parishad, Aurangabad
Rajya Marathi Vikas Sanstha
Grammar
This Marathi Language shares some of the grammar from modern Indo Aryan language such as Punjabi, Gujarati and Hindi. Earlier Sanskrit grammar was taken into consideration. Maharashtriya Sahitya Prasad describes some contemporary grammatical rules which became standard. Also traditions of Marathi linguistic mentioned some rules and give it a status to Tatsum words which are adapted from Sanskrit words. Moreover the primary word order is SOV. Also Marathi language represents some inclusive and exclusive features. In addition Marathi language includes all three grammatical genders from Sanskrit, which are masculine, feminine and neuter. It even contains three grammatical voices.
Vocabulary
From many periods and centuries, Marathi language and its people came into contact with mny other dialects and languages. Moreover Marathi language has Prakrit, Sanskrit, Maharashtri and Apabhramsa influence. Additionally 50% of words are taken and derived from Sanskrit words. Furthermore Marathi language has shared some dialects, vocabulary and few grammar with other languages such as Dravidian language and also from few Arabic, Persian and English and Portuguese languages.
Morphology and Etymology
Marathi language holds higher number of Sanskrit derived words than compared to its sister language Hindi words. Much of these words are more or less unchanged versions of their original Sanskrit counterparts. Some examples of these words, which borrow words from Indian or foreign languages are:-
Adakitta which means nutcracker and it is borrowed from Kannada. Also the word Estek means estate which is borrowed from Englsih word. Even the word Marji which means wish is derived and borrowed from Persian word sefaresh. Additionally a lot of English words are basically used in conversations and they are considered to be completely assimilated into Marathi vocabulary.
Marathi on Computer and Internet
Now days Marathi language has made a well known place on Internet. A large number of books, newspapers and magazines are printed using ASCII code. Earlier Marathi suffers weak computer operating systems but now it has shifted and introduction of new projects and language localisation has been introduced. Therefore many Marathi websites, newspapers and magazines have become popular especially in Maharashtra. In addition Marathi blogroll and Marathi blogs have gained immense popularity and therefore has made compatible to use internet by Marathi people.