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Uttarakhand Garhwali Language
Origin
Garhwali language is an Indo Aryan Language which belongs to Northern Zone. It is also considered as a Central Pahari language which is initially and chiefly spoken by the people of Garhwal who reside in north western Garhwal area of the Indian state of Uttarkhand. This language is also be in the right place of Indo European Language family which further consists some sub groups such as Indo Aryan, Indo Iranian, Northern, Pahari, Garhwali and Central Pahari. Moreover this language has many regional dialects which all are conversed in different regions of state of Uttarkhand. Furthermore the script used in jotting down this language is Devanagri script. This language also inhabits official status and is therefore regarded as official language of Uttarkhand. In addition this language is considered as 325 identified idiom of India along with it is widely spoken by number of people living in Pauri, Garhwal, Tehri Garhwal, Chamoli, Haridwar, Dehradun and Uttarkashi which all are districts of Uttarkhand. Additionally this idiom is widely spoken in many other cities of India such as Delhi, Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh and Bihar. As per the estimation it is found that there are numbers of migrants in Lakhs which inhabits in Delhi. Also it is investigated that now day this language is shrinking. UNESCO also denies this idiom and claims it as the unsafe category and it calls for more effort and privilege. This language spoken by the people can also converse well even in Hindi idiom which is too an official language.
Developments
This Indo Aryan Language contains many prakrits from which the Khas Prakrit is considered as the source and origin of Garhwali language. In 10th century, this language earliest form was traced. Many writings on copper plates, inscriptional matters and temples stones all were surveyed. These evidences became the proof of evolution of Garhwali language and therefore this language became rich in literature. From 18th century onwards the literary aspect of this idiom start flourishing and therefore later on this language became the official language of the Indian state of Uttarkhand. In addition this languge belongs to Indo European language family.
Influence on other Languages
Garhwali language is heavily influenced by many dialects and some languages, these are, Hindi, Sanskrit or Hindustani which is spoken in south areas of Garhwal, Bhotia dialect of China and Tibet, Nepali and Kumauni is orated in south areas of Gahrwal and finally it includes the western Pahari group dialects and languages which are spoken by the people living in nearby areas of Himachal Pradesh.
Dialects
This Garhwali language holds number of dialects which are as follows: -
Srinagariya, Jaunsari, Tihriyali, Badhani, Lohabbya, Nagpuriya, Rathi, Salani, Bangani, Parvati, Gangadi and Jaunpuri.
All these dialects are spoken in different districts like garhwal, Kumaon, Tehri and Uttarkashi of Uttarkhand and are therefore heavily influenced from Garhwali language.
Vocabulary
The basic language and vocabulary of this language Garhwali are developed from inhabitants living in ancient period of pre historic age and also which they belong to Australoid Negrito, Mongoloid and Dravidian ethnic groups. Also many non tribes from Shak, Gurjar, Hun, Darad and Kirat also contribute a lot in vocabulary and language of Garhwali. Khasas was on the other hand is believed as a source of Garhwali language. Also from 18th century, Hindi language put an impact on grammar, vocabulary and syntax of Garhwali language.
Grammar
This Indo Aryan idiom shares its grammar with its own languages such as Rajasthani, Hindi, Gujarati and Kashmiri. Moreover it even shares some of its grammar with Pahari languages such as Nepali and Kumauni. Furthermore this language includes some peculiarities in grammar which are evolved from Khasas which is an ancient language. In addition this language has verb substantive which is developed from root ach as in case of Kashmiri and Rajasthani language happens. Additionally several words and phrases in Garhwali language are influenced from Sanskrit language. In addition this language has relic of Khasas verbal communication which is somewhat related to Kashmiri language. Also this language shortens the long vowel and modifies it by addition of next syllable. Even this language is rich in literature and also well has indigenous structure.
Literature
Garhwali language is rich in literature. It includes many books, novels, plays and short stories. Moreover this language is considered as the official language of Garhwal Kingdom. Many of the scripts and literature of Garhwali language is written in Sanskrit form. Furthermore this idiom has several prominent writers and creators which have done a remarkable work in writing novels, books, poems and plays. The names of some of the writers are, Atmaram Gairola, Satyasharan Raturi, Sadanand Kukreti, Dr, Shivanand Nautiyal, Lokesh Nawani and Premlal Bhatt.
Garhwali People and Media
This ethno Linguistic Indo Aryan Language group primarily resides in Himalayas of Garhwal. The people or even the roots which reside in Garhwal region are known as Garhwali. Moreover this region contains many forms of dialects and follows Devanagri script of writing. Furthermore the culture of this region is heavily influenced by number of traditions and customs. In addition the people of this district are hard working and therefore they have indulged themselves in field of agriculture, defence industry and tourism. Additionally this region Garhwal includes three castes which are Garhwali Rajput, Garhwali Brahmin and Shilpkaar. Also this language has played a vital role in media. Many popular songs, videos and even movies can be seen in Garhwali language.
Official Recognition
The state government did not identify this language yet. Still demands are going on to make this language as official idiom of Uttarkhand. Moreover this language is taught seriously in schools and colleges and is considered as a compulsory subject. Recently it has been included in Eighth schedule of Constitution by Satpal Maharaj who is a member of parliament.