Languages In India

Andhra Pradesh Urdu Language

Origin

Urdu is the national language and lingua franca of Pakistan. It is widely spoken in India and is considered as one of the 22scheduled languages and also an official language of five states. Moreover Urdu has been developed under the influence of Persian, Turkic and Arabic languages over the course of almost 900 years. Additionally it is often contrasted with Hindi and is conventionally written in Nastaliq style of Persian Alphabet. However it is quite easy to distinguish differences in vocabulary and pronunciation of some Urdu Letters. This official language means “military camp” in Hindustani language, from Turkish ordu meaning “army”. The origin of Urdu language was the language of the camp when Nader shah of Persia invaded India. He set up his cam and certain Khariboli speakers Indians mingled with resulting of variety of khariboli being what was later called Urdu.

History

The word Urdu is derived from the same Turkish word that has given English horde. The official language of Delhi Sultanate and their successors were Persian while the language of religion was Arabic. Number of distinctive languages was spoken at that time by the Sultanates. The Delhi Sultanate carried their literary language and produces the Dakhini dialect of Urdu. Furthermore there were many attempts to purge Hindi and Urdu respectively of their Persian and Sanskrit words. Even English has exerted a heavy impact on both of the languages.

Speakers

There are approximately 60 to 70 million native speakers of Urdu language. As per 200 census, in India there were 52 million speakers whereas 13 million in Pakistan in 2008. Numerous or thousands of Urdu speaking people are found in Saudi Arabia, United States, Bangladesh and United kingdom. As Hindi Urdu is the fourth most commonly spoken language in the world after English, Spanish and Mandarin.

Geographic Distribution

In India, Urdu is speaking where large number of Muslims resides. Urdu in Pakistan has gone under some changes and therefore has grasped many words from Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashto and Balti languages. This kind of Urdu language spoken make Pakistani people easily distinguishes themselves from others. In fact in India Urdu can also be distinguished into many dialects like Dakhini of South India and Khairboli of Punjab region. Urdu is therefore understood and spoken by large number of Karachi, Rawalpindi, Jhang, Sargodha, Sialkot Lahore and Islamabad section. Therefore this language is considered as the most significant languages and therefore is written and spoken by many people. This language is also taught in schools and is taken as the compulsory subject. Even it has produced many Urdu writers who can not only read but also write Urdu as well. In Pakistan and its province regions, Urdu is considered as the mother tongue of their people. Outside South Asia, Urdu is spoken by large number of South Asian workers , also by number of children in major urban centres Canada, Germany, United Kingdom and United States.

Dialects

This official language has few dialects, including Rekhta, Dakhini and Modern Vernacular Urdu. Moreover it is distinct by its mixture of vocabulary from Konkani and Marathi, as well as from Persian, Arabic and Turkish. Urdu is written and read in other parts of the India. A number of newspapers and several monthly magazines are published in Urdu Language. The Urdu dialect of Pakistan draws heavily from Arabic and Persian languages. In addition Rekhta, the language of Urdu poetry is also counted as a separate dialect. Also Urdu is spoken in Indian state of Orissa and is different from Urdu spoken in other parts of the India.

Official Status

Urdu is considered as the national and one of the two official languages of Pakistan. It is understood and spoken throughout the country. Also it is used in education, literature and court and office business. Even Urdu is the Lingua franca of the Pakistan. This official language has marked its status in many states of India like Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Uttarkhand and Andhra Pradesh. The importance of Urdu in Muslim world is visible in the holy cities like Mecca and Medina in Saudi Arabia.

Vocabulary

The vocabulary of Urdu is rich in words with the Middle Eastern origin. Than Language is Indo Aryan based and has borrowed words from Arabic and Persian. Although they have different pronunciations and nuances of meaning and usages than Arabic words have. Urdu in less formalised register is referred as rekhta which means rough mixture. The more formal register of Urdu is commonly referred as Language of the exalted Camp. If a word is from Persian, Arabic or Urdu language it is considered as more formal and grand whereas the word from Sanskrit is taken as more personal and colloquial.

Additionally Urdu language has politeness in it. The way the words are spoken represents an impact of respect and politeness. Even the verbs and nouns used while saying Urdu all are marked with great formality and politeness. In addition the expressions are also taken into consideration of politeness.

Writing System

Urdu is written right to left in an extension of Persian or Arabic alphabet. It is also written in various other formats like Kaithi Script, Devanagarin Script and Roman Script. Occasionally Urdu is also written in Roman script. Urdu was the dominant language among the Christians of Lahore and Karachi.

Literature

In recent Centuries Urdu has become a literary language. Even Urdu literature boasts some of world recognised artists and also considerable corpus. Urdu holds largest collection of the exquisite works of Sharia and Islamic literature. Urdu is even noted as one of the premier languages of poetry since two centuries in South Asia. The Gazal in Urdu represents the most popular form of subjective poetry and music. Many renowned poets have made them recognised by prosing beautiful poems and gazals. Additionally many Urdu scripts and books were written by best notable writers.